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Amazon Neptune vs JanusGraph

Amazon Neptune: AWS's managed graph database speaking Gremlin, openCypher and SPARQL on shared storage. JanusGraph: Open-source distributed graph database layered on Cassandra, HBase, ScyllaDB or Bigtable.

key differences

  • Licensing: Amazon Neptune is proprietary (Proprietary (AWS service)); JanusGraph is open source (permissive) (Apache License 2.0 (code), CC-BY-4.0 (docs)).
  • Horizontal scaling is none in Amazon Neptune and native in JanusGraph.
  • Transactions: Amazon Neptune offers full ACID; JanusGraph offers limited.
  • Only Amazon Neptune has change data capture, encryption at rest, role-based access.
  • Only JanusGraph has secondary indexes, full-text search, ttl / expiry.
  • Amazon Neptune has a serverless option; JanusGraph does not.

choose amazon-neptune for

  • +Identity graphs and customer 360 on AWS
  • +Fraud detection
  • +Knowledge graphs with SPARQL
  • +Security and network graphs

best at · Traversal, Knowledge graph, OLTP

choose janusgraph for

  • +Large-scale graphs on existing Cassandra or ScyllaDB clusters
  • +Telecom and network inventory graphs
  • +Security and identity graphs
  • +Open-source alternative to managed Gremlin services

best at · Traversal, Graph analytics, Knowledge graph

overview
Primary model
Graph
Graph
Also supports
RDF / Triple Store
–
Type
Managed service
Database engine
Status
Active
Active
Developer
Amazon Web Services
JanusGraph community (LF AI & Data Foundation)
First release
2017
2017
Latest version
1.4.8.1 (Oct 6, 2026)
1.1.0 (Nov 9, 2024)
License
ProprietaryProprietary (AWS service)
Open source (permissive)Apache License 2.0 (code), CC-BY-4.0 (docs)
Free tier
✓
✓
popularity
WhichDB Score
15.2
25.2
Rank
#219
#120
GitHub stars
–
5.9K
Stack Overflow questions
1K
895
scale & guarantees
Comfortable data size
Large (≤ 1 PB)
Large (≤ 1 PB)
Horizontal scaling
None
Native
Multi-region
Read replicas
Active active
ACID
Full
Limited
Consistency
Strong, Eventual
Tunable, Eventual
Schema
Schemaless
Flexible
Architecture
Primary replica, Shared storage, Serverless
Distributed, Client server, Embedded
deployment
Self-hosted
—
✓
Vendor-managed cloud
✓
—
Serverless
✓
—
Embedded
—
—
Edge
—
—
Clouds
AWS
–
capabilities
Transactions
✓
✓
Joins
—
—
Secondary indexes
—
✓
Full-text search
—
✓
Vector search
—
—
Geospatial
✓
✓
JSON
—
—
Change data capture
✓
—
Triggers
—
—
Stored procedures
—
—
Materialized views
—
—
TTL / expiry
—
✓
Pub/Sub
—
—
Columnar storage
—
—
In-memory
—
—
Durable persistence
✓
✓
Compression
—
—
Encryption at rest
✓
—
Role-based access
✓
—
Time travel
—
—
Branching
—
—
Online schema changes
✓
✓
Streaming ingest
—
—
Offline sync
—
—
Runs in WebAssembly
—
—
interfaces
Query languages
Gremlin, openCypher, SPARQL
Gremlin
Client languages
Java, Python, JavaScript, .NET, Go
Java, Python, JavaScript, .NET, Go
Best for
Traversal, Knowledge graph, OLTP, RAG
Traversal, Graph analytics, Knowledge graph

Amazon Neptune vs JanusGraph: FAQ

What is the difference between Amazon Neptune and JanusGraph?

Amazon Neptune: AWS's managed graph database speaking Gremlin, openCypher and SPARQL on shared storage. JanusGraph: Open-source distributed graph database layered on Cassandra, HBase, ScyllaDB or Bigtable. Licensing: Amazon Neptune is proprietary (Proprietary (AWS service)); JanusGraph is open source (permissive) (Apache License 2.0 (code), CC-BY-4.0 (docs)). Horizontal scaling is none in Amazon Neptune and native in JanusGraph. Transactions: Amazon Neptune offers full ACID; JanusGraph offers limited.

When should I choose Amazon Neptune over JanusGraph?

Choose Amazon Neptune for identity graphs and customer 360 on AWS; fraud detection; and knowledge graphs with SPARQL. Choose JanusGraph for large-scale graphs on existing Cassandra or ScyllaDB clusters; telecom and network inventory graphs; and security and identity graphs.

Is Amazon Neptune or JanusGraph more popular?

JanusGraph ranks #120 on the WhichDB Score (25.2/100) and Amazon Neptune ranks #219 (15.2/100). Popularity is not fit: check the requirements that matter for your project.

Are Amazon Neptune and JanusGraph open source?

No. Amazon Neptune is proprietary, closed-source software. Yes. JanusGraph is open source. License: Apache License 2.0 (code), CC-BY-4.0 (docs).